C/C++ Secure Coding

Language	Insecure Function	Vulnerability	Scenario	Remediation/Secure Function
C	strcpy	Buffer Overflow	A software application takes user input and stores it in a fixed-size buffer.	strncpy with bounds checking and null termination
C	gets	Stack Buffer Overflow	A program reads user input into a stack buffer without bounds checking.	fgets with bounds checking
C	malloc with unchecked bounds	Heap Buffer Overflow	A program allocates memory for user data but does not check the size of the input.	Ensure loop limits are correct and check allocation size
C	strcpy	Stack Buffer Overflow leading to Stack Smashing	A web server takes input from a request and copies it into a local stack buffer.	strncpy with bounds checking and null termination
C	system	Command Injection	An application runs system commands based on user input.	Validate input, use snprintf and validate input securely
C	Unchecked arithmetic operations	Integer Overflow	A program performs arithmetic operations without checking for overflow.	Check arithmetic bounds and validate inputs
C	printf	Format String Vulnerability	A program prints user input directly using printf.	Use format specifiers, e.g., printf("%s", user_input)

String Handling Vulnerabilities

Language	Insecure Function	Vulnerability	Scenario	Remediation/Secure Function
C	strcpy	Buffer Overflow	A software application takes user input and stores it in a fixed-size buffer.	strncpy with bounds checking and null termination
C	strncpy without null termination	Buffer Overflow	A program uses strncpy but does not ensure null termination.	Ensure null termination after strncpy

Buffer Overflow

Language	Insecure Function	Vulnerability	Scenario	Remediation/Secure Function
C	gets	Stack Buffer Overflow	A program reads user input into a stack buffer without bounds checking.	fgets with bounds checking
C	Manual memory management	Heap Buffer Overflow	A program does not properly manage dynamic memory allocation and bounds.	Use safe memory allocation functions and check bounds

Integer Security

Language	Insecure Function	Vulnerability	Scenario	Remediation/Secure Function
C	Unchecked arithmetic operations	Integer Overflow	A program performs arithmetic operations without checking for overflow.	Check arithmetic bounds and validate inputs

Code Injection

Language	Insecure Function	Vulnerability	Scenario	Remediation/Secure Function
C	system	Command Injection	An application runs system commands based on user input.	Validate input, use snprintf and validate input securely

Exploiting Formatted Output Functions

Language	Insecure Function	Vulnerability	Scenario	Remediation/Secure Function
C	printf	Format String Vulnerability	A program prints user input directly using printf.	Use format specifiers, e.g., printf("%s", user_input)